inhaltsangabe.info

Kategorie: englisch

  • An Outpost of Progress Zusammenfassung summary deutsch

    An Outpost of Progress Zusammenfassung deutsch

    Die Kurzgeschichte "An Outpost of Progress" wurde von Josheph Conrad 1896 geschrieben, ihr deutscher Titel lautet "Ein Vorposten des Fortschritts."
     
    Die Geschichte spielt Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts in einer kleinen Stadt im heutigen Kongo und handelt von den beiden Europäern namens Kayerts und Carlier, die einen Handelsposten leiten. Der farbige Buchhalter Henry Price, der von den Eingeborenen nur Makola genannt wird, arbeitet gemeinsam mit ihnen sowie weitere schwarze Arbeiter. Kayerts und Carlier wollen im Auftrag eines belgischen Unternehmens Elfenbeinhandel betreiben, in der Hoffnung sich und ihrer Firma Ruhm und Profit zu verschaffen, allerdings haben sie eher wenig wirklich dringende und wichtige Aufgaben zu erledigen und so beginnen sie mit der Zeit, sich in ihrem Außenposten isoliert und gelangweilt zu fühlen. Zudem geschieht in dem weit von größeren Städten entfernten Handelsposten selten etwas, auch das Schiff, dass ihnen Nahrungsmittel bringt, legt nur selten an.
     
    Eines Tages initiiert Henry Price einige der Arbeiter gegen Elfenbein einzutauschen, eine Idee, auf die die beiden Europäer geschockt reagieren und von der sie überhaupt nicht begeistert sind. Dennoch stimmen sie dem Handel um des Profits willen zu, und so verkauft Price die Menschen an einen Sklavenhändler, was dazu führt dass der Außenposten fortan von den Menschen gemieden wird. Das Handelsgeschäft, das Kayerts und Carlier aufbauen wollen, bricht vollständig zusammen. Zudem haben die Menschen Angst, mit dem Nahrungsmittelschiff den Hafen der Stadt anzufahren, und so leiden Kayerts und Carlier nach einiger Zeit an Hunger und Krankheiten, die auch an ihren Nerven zehren. Als zwischen den beiden ein Streit um eine Lappalie ausbricht, erschießt Kayerts seinen Kollegen im Affekt und begeht Selbstmord, als er seine Tat schließlich realisiert.
     
    Ich hoffe, euch hat diese deutsche Zusammenfassung von An Outpost of Progress weitergeholfen, bei Fragen einfach ein Kommentar unten posten.
    Englische Sprüche bei www.Englische-Sprüche.de

  • My Son the Fanatic Zusammenfassung summary deutsch

    My Son the Fanatic

    "My Son the Fanatic", einer von Hanef Kureishi im Jahre 1994 verfassten Kurzgeschichte, handelt von Parvez, einem Pakistanischen Taxifahrer in England, der sich um die Veränderung seines Sohnes Ali sorgt. Nach anfänglichem Zögern berichtet dieser seinen Kollegen von seinen Beobachtungen und ringt um Fassung, als diese ihren Verdacht auf Drogensucht äußern.

    Mit Hilfe einer ihm befreundeten Prostituierten namens Bettina überlegt er, was zu tun ist. Parvez sucht Ali's Zimmer nach jeglicher Droge ab, jedoch ihne Erfolg. Nachdem auch sein Äußeres keine Schlüsse auf Drogenabhängigkeit zulässt, lässt Parvez keine Gelegenheit aus, um seinen Sohn zu belauschen und zu beobachten. Mehrfaches tägliches beten ist Alis einzige Auffälligkeit. Schließlich entscheidet sich Parvez, seinen Sohn zur Sprache zu stellen. Am darauffolgenden Tag jedoch sucht der verstörte Parvez erneut ein Gespräch mit Bettina: bei einem Restaurantbesuch zeigte Ali eine deutliche Abneigung gegenüber dem Alkoholkonsum des Vaters. Ali konfrontiert Parvez mit weiteren religiösen Sünden zufolge des Korans, welche der überraschte und wütende Parvez nicht leugnet, jedoch auch nicht hinsichtlich des Lebens eines gewöhnlichen Menschen als falsch anerkennt. Mühevoll lässt Parvez eine wahre Moralpredigt über sich ergehen, demzufolge er dem Islam huldigen soll, da die westliche Zivilisation eine Ansammlung dekadenter, irregeleiteter Menschen sei. Alis Vater gesteht Bettina dass er zwar seines Sohnes zuliebe sogar bereit wäre zu beten, jedoch nicht dass ihm dieser die Hölle prophezeit.

    Bettina versucht Parvez zu trösten und vermutet, dass jugendliche oft Phasen durchmachen in der sie in eine Sekte geraten. Sie spornt ihn an, trotz Alis Unzugänglichkeit weiterhin ein fürsorglicher Vater zu sein und ihn noch nicht aufzugeben. Nachdem auch ein neuer Versuch sich mit Ali über Lebensphilosophien auszutauschen scheitert, versucht Bettina spontan bei einer zufälligen Begegnung der drei mit ihm zu reden. Parvez' Sohn weigert sich jedoch, ihre Worte aufgrund ihrer Berufung als Prostituierte anzuerkennen. Dies wird schließlich auch Bettina zu viel: wütend verlässt sie das sich noch bewegende Auto und flieht in die Nacht. Als Vater und Sohn nach hause kommen, kann sich Parvez nicht mehr halten und schlägt seinen Sohn. Ali richtet als einzige Reaktion darauf die Frage an seinen Vater, wer nun der Fanatiker sei.

    Ich hoffe, euch hat diese deutsche Zusammenfassung von My son the Fanatic weitergeholfen, bei Fragen einfach ein Kommentar unten posten.

  • The Lady with the Red Shoes – Zusammenfassung Summary Inhaltsangabe

    The short story “The Lady with the Red Shoes“ written by Ita Daily published in 1975 deals with the conflict between conservative traditions of former times and liberal modernity.

    The plot is told from the perspective of the main protagonist who spents his holidaiy in Mc Andrews Hotel in County Mayo without his family due to unfortunate circumstances. Firstly, everything proceeds as usual. However, the guests of the hotel are disturbed when a remarkable American woman has entered for dinner, who attracts the attention by her glaorous and modern outward appearance and by her unpleasent behaviour. Her extraordinary orders anger the waitor Murphy and eventually she leaves the dining-room furiously because she is not allowed to smoke inside. Thereafter, the protagonist follows her an keeps an eye on her and imagines that he has already passed the poor girl during his childhood. Thus, she has to be an emigrant who rises from property and prosperity during her lifetime in America and afterwards temporarily returns to Ireland. When she was a child, she looked up tp Mc Andrews as a symbol of wealth and now she has come back to fulfill her dream of once being noble and having a nice dinner to impress everyone with her riches. Indeed, she is disappointed by her visit and hence, being aware of this, the protagonist feels with her and desires to talk to her, but nevertheless, he never did.

  • An Occasion of Sin Zusammenfassung Summary Inhaltsangabe

    An Occasion of Sin Zusammenfassung der Geschichte

     

    The short story 'An Occasion of Sin', written by John Montague and published in 1963, deals with a young French woman, who moved in Easter '56 to Ireland after she married an Irish man.

    By confrontating with many cultural differences, she gets in trouble.

    First Francoise O'Meara disliked Ireland but after her husband Kieran baught her a car and allowed her to swim in the sea at Seacove, she started to like the country.

    Meeting some men at the beach of Seacove, she realises, that they have a strange way of undressing and she feels scared when the men stare at her when she undresses herself.

    In June, Francoise meets some clerical studens and talks about French literature with them.

    One day a little fat man, she meets at Seacove, tells her, that the clerical studens are seduced by her permissiveness and that she's a bad example which hurts the Irish traditions.

    After this she expresses her thaughts about being an occasion of sin to her husband and realises the srange bahaviour of the Irish and the superstition of her husband.

    Meeting the clerical students again, they ask Francoise different thing, e.g., what it's like to be married, because they have the prejudice, that French woman think about nothing but love.

    Because of having a nightmare, she decides not to meet the students again.

    She feels humilated and assumes, that the people might be right in saying that she's a bad example.

    At the end of the story Francoise knows, she will never see the clerical students again.

  • Angela Zusammenfassung Summary der Kapitel

    Chapter summary

     

    Part one: Brisbane (5-97)

     

    Schoolies

     

    1. chapter(5-15): The graduation

    It is a hot day in November and the friends Gracey, an aboriginal girl, and Angela, a white girl, are at Hamiltion College to receive their graduation. Angela and Gracey know each other since year ten and they are best friends. Gracey has locked herself in the toilet while the graduation ceremony starts and Angela and her mother Cheryl come to look for her. Graceys mother died early in the semester and her brother hanged himself short after that she has only her little brother Dougy left. Because of that and because she worked for school very hard the last days she has an nervous breakdown and do not want to go to the ceremony. After Angela and her mother talk to Gracey and try to comfort her, she agrees to come with them in the assembly hall. When Gracey gets her graduation the whole hall stands up and applauds.

     

    2. chapter(15-19): New freedom

    After the graduation the girls go on schoolies week but Gracey has to leave earlier because she is invited to a special training at the Institute of Sport in Canberra. On the last evening at a beach party they talk about their plans for the future and their problems. Angela imagines to buy a car and rent a flat together with Gracey but Gracey only thinks about the problems she has with living with her Auntie Flo and with the loss of her mother and her brother.

     

    3. chapter(19-28): holidays at Noosa

    Angela comes back home from schoolies week and works all the time through christmas at Mac Donalds. On christmas Eve her grandparents visit her for a few days. On New Years Eve the family wents to Noosa for holidays. While they stay there Gracey calls her at home and leaves a message on the answering machine which is checked daily by Angelas father. Gracey feels lonely and asks for visiting Angela and to stay with her at Noosa. Angela picks her up at the train station and Gracey has another nervous breakdown because she feels very lonely and does not know where she belongs. The Institute of Sport offered Gracey a scholarship but then she would have to live with a cousin of Auntie Flo at Kingston who she had never seen. Because her mother wanted Gracey at uni studying law she agrees to live with Angela at Brisbane because it is closer to the uni.

     

    4. chapter(28-33): Important news

    The neighbour who checks the mail of Angelas family at their home calls them and informs them about a mail in which is written that Angela would visit the University of Queensland in St. Lucia studying Human Resource Management. After that Gracey calls her Auntie Flo to check her mail too and gets to know that she is going to the same campus as Angela studying Bachelor of Law. The family discusses about Gracey linving with them at Brisbane and they agree with Gracey moving in directly after the holidays. Angela also mentions that she wants to buy herself a car and her father offers her to sell her Cheryls little Corolla because he wants to buy her a new one.

     

     

     

    5. chapter(33-35): Graceys flirt

    Angela and Gracey meet two boys at a cafe in Noosa. The boys are called Rob and

    Michael and they spend some time together and have fun. Angela is interested in Michael when they meet for the first time but he only has eyes for Gracey and so Angela has to arrange with Rob but they both have only feelings of friendship. Gracey and Michael kissed each other but she is not fidget to meet him again so she does not give him her phone number.Gracey tells Angela that her brother Dougy has never seen the ocean.

     

     

    UQ

     

    1. chapter(36-41): Graceys new home

    When Angela, her family and Gracey arrive in Brisbane Gracey moves in but her Auntie Flo is not agreeing with her move. Cheryl writes her a letter and she realizes that it is better for Gracey to live with someone she knows and trusts. Gracey gets her own room, the one which was the guestroom before. Angela and Gracey paint it in corn-yellow to make it somfortable for her.

     

    2. chapter(41-44): Orientation week

    In February Orientation week starts and Angela and Gracey start to visit the university. They find a place where they can meet. It is a corner of a café at the university. They simply call it “the corner”. Gracey gets to know that a group for aboriginal students exists at the university.

     

    3. chapter(44-46): Meeting new people

    In the following week for bith girls lectures are starting. Graceys timetable is very heavy in comparsion with Angelas. They only have a free lesson on Friday when they can see each other at the corner. In the third week they both bring new friends to the corner who they get to know at lectures. They are called Fiona Benett and Clare Manning. Gracey goes to the group for aboriginal students and gets to know Rhonda Haines who tells her something about her experiences as an aboriginy. Gracey is very exited to know more about this.

     

    4. chapter(46-52): First meeting with Rhonda/First meeting with Jarred

    Gracey visits the unit for aboriginal students almost every day. She brings Rhonda to the corner so she can get to know Angela but the meeting did not go as she hopes. Rhonda makes jokey of Angela and Angela did not know how to react. When Rhonda leaves Angela gets to know Clares brother Jarred who asks his sister to play tennis with him like they do every Wednesday. Clare is not interested in playing tennis but Angela loves to play it and besides she is interested in Jarred. Therefore Clare gives Angela her racket and her shoes so she has not got to play with her brother.

     

    5. chapter(52-55): Between family and friend

    At the same day after lectures finished Angela and Gracey meet at Angelas Corolla and Gracey asks her to give her a lift to a race on Saturday and Angela agrees. When Angela arrives at home her brother also wants her to give him a lift on Saturday. She also agrees. On Saturday when she picks him up he tells her that she has to bring him to Ipswich which is far away. Angela is annoyed because she wanted to see Graceys race but she still gives him the lift even if she misses the race.

     

     

    6. chapter(55-58): Hoping for more

    The second week after this Angela is still dissapointed because Jarred did not invite her for another tennis match in the last week. She meets Gracey at the park with her friends from the aboriginal stutents group and after she was introduced by Gracey Rhonda appears and makes once more jokes about the white Angela. When Angela and Gracey meet at the corner on Friday Jarred visits her and asks her for another tennis match this week. They also arrange to meet each other on Saturday night to watch a Woody Allen film festival.

     

    7. chapter(58-68): Graceys move

    Angela and Jarred come closer to each other at the cinema. When Angela and Gracey meet at her Corolla on Wednesday Gracey tells Angela that a aboriginal girl asked her to move in her house where 2 other girls live with her. Angela is dissapointed because she thought Gracey was happy about living with her best friend. They discuss this with Cheryl and Gracey realizes that she has to get a job soon when she wants to live independent. Angela discovers that Gracey reads a lot of books about aboriginal culture and history. Gracey decides to move out but they arrange to meet every Tuesday at Angelas house. Even if Angela is not agreeing with Gracey moving out she helps her to bring her things to the new flat in Taringa where she meets Shirley, Barbara and Wendy who live there. After Gracey showed Angela the house Rhonda appears and begins to talk with Gracey about things Angela has nothing to say to. In that moment she realizes that Rhonda becomes more important for Gracey than she and she leaves the house in panic.

     

     

    Sorry day

     

    1. chapter(68-71): A job for Gracey

    The gap between Gracey and Angela becomes bigger because Gracey is only interested in aboriginal history and politics and Jarred becomes more and more important for Angela. Because she has to earn money Gracey gets a job at Cafe Carlo as a waitress. Angela gets to know that there is a University championship in Sydney during the mid-year break where Jarred wants to go to.

     

    2. chapter(71-74): Plans for Sydney

    After two weeks Angela and Jarred visit Gracey at Cafe Carlo and Angela present them the idea to make the trip down to Sydney together and have fun. They both agree. The following week Gracey does not appear at the corner the whole week and Angela fells very lonely because she could not talk to somebody like she could talk to Gracey. She is scared of the new situation with Jarred and she talks about it with Fiona but it is not the same like she would talk to Gracey. When she accidentally meet her on Friday at the campus Gracey tells her she could not handle the university and her job simultaneous but she promises to meet her on Tuesday after the lectures.

     

    3. chapter(74-82): Public meeting

    Gracey and Angela meet on Tuesday and Gracey asks Angela to give her a lift to a public meeting on which Rhondas mother would speak. Angela wants to come with her to the meeting what Gracey trys to prevent but finally agrees. On the meeting in the evening at the same day also Derek Campbell speaks about how the whites took him away from his mother and then telled him she died shen he was born. This story seizes everyone. Rhondas mother tells a similar story but she regains her daugther after many years. On the meeting are also many white people and after the aboriginal people telled their storys some whites go on the stage and apologize for what was done to the Aborigines. The aboriginal organisation wants to make a protest march on National Sorry Day in two weeks on the Parliament House. After the meeting Angela drives Gracey and her aboriginal friends to Graceys home. In the car they have to sit close together because they are to much people for the little Corolla and then a boy touches Gracey where she did not want it. They discuss about the meeting in the car and the aboriginal girls are very angry about the whites only apologizing but not doing anything. Therefore Angela feels guilty and is depressed.

     

    4. chapter(82-85): Feeling lonely

    Gracey did not turn up on Friday in the corner and Angela feels increasingly lonely why she goes into Graceys old room and thinks about their friendship which is in danger to break. She wishes herself that Gracey would come back but she will not. Her mother sits down next to her and begins to talk to her about Angelas special relationship to Gracey. Angela recognizes that Gracey was a good friend for her mother too, the friend and the second daughter she never had.

     

    5. chapter(85-89): Argument at the dinner

    Gracey does not appear on Tuesday after the lectures and Jarred tells Angela that she was not at the training for some time. Angela meets her accidentaly on the campus and she looks tired. Gracey reports that the boy who touched her in Angelas car tried to rape her after she had left the car but another aboriginal guy rescued her. The following Tuesday Gracey visits Angelas family and tells them something about her political engagement but they do not take it serious. They start to talk about the stolen generation and have an argument because Cheryl has the opinion that the whites only tried to do their best to give the aboriginal children a better life. She starts to talk about Derek Campbell and Angela wonders how her mother could know so much about him. Angela has to drive Gracey home before the dinner ends.

     

    6. chapter(89-91): Why Cheryl knows the story of Derek Campbell

    On the same day Angela talks to her mother about Derek Campbell. Cheryls father knew Derek as a child and he telled Cheryl that he helped him to build up a decent life at white foster parents. He also telled her that Derek Campbel was given away by his mother voluntary because she could not take care for him anymore. Angela and her mother agree with his behaviour and think it was good to take the child away from his mother.

     

    7. chapter(92-93): The supporter

    After Angela and Jarred played some tennis on Wednesday she telks to him about her friendship to Gracey which is nearly destroyed. Rhonda builds a barrier between the two girls and her influence on Gracey gets bigger and bigger but Angela des not know what to do against it. Jarred motivates her not to give up and shows her that he supports her.

     

    8. chapter(93-97): The crisis errupts

    On the following Friday Gracey turned up at the corner and asks Angela if she believes her grandfathers story and she answers with no because she does not want to risk starting an argument. They want to go to the protest march together and they planned to meet the other girls at the mall in town. When they are there Angela wants to pick up a watch her mother had given to a jewelery store at the mall and Gracey waits in front of it while Angela picks up the watch. A member of security tries to convince Gracey to leave the place in front of the jewelery store because she is black and does not look like she want to buy something. Angela tries to help her but that

    makes it only more worse and Gracey reproaches Angela for trying to colonise her.

     

    Part two: Sydney (98-184)

     

     

    Bankstown

     

    1. chapter(98-105): Only a lift

    Angela tries not to meet Gracey and Jarred gets more and more important for her. Furthermore Fiona becomes a real friend for her. Gracey calls Angela unexpected and asks her to go with her and Jarred to Sydney and she mentions that she has a new address. They have to stay at different places Jarred is going to sleep at his cousins flat in Hurstville, Angela visits her grandparents in Manly and Gracey wants to sleep at some relatives place in Bankstown. On the long travel to Sydney Gracey admits that she just called Angela to drive with her to Sydney because Dougy wants to come to their relatives in Bankstown and she needed a lift because she has no money to buy a bus ticket. When they make a break at a fast food stall Gracey is hungry but has not got enough money to buy herself something to eat and she also does not want that Angela buys her something. Because of this Angela gets very angry and throws her money on the floor without saying a word. They have travelled very long, it is dark and they are tired when they arrive in Sydney so they decide to go to Angelas grandparents place and sleep till the next day and then Angela would drive Gracey to her relatives and Jarred to his cousin. When they are at Angelas grandparents Jarred tells Angela that Gracey has all of her stuff with her and also her track shoes. He has the hope that she might take place in the championship.

     

    2. chapter(105-116): Lift to the hospital

    After they had startet the trip to Bankstown and waited a long time in the car because on the way is a lot of traffic they arrive at Graceys relatives house where a bunch of kids and Dougy welcome them. The young mother Nerida, the mother of Raymonds daughter Rayleene also lives with Auntie Irene who is the head of the family. They get into conversation and Angela agrees to drive Nerida and Rayleene to the hospital because the baby has a problem with her heart. While Nerida is in the hospital Angela and Jarred go into town and eat something until Nerida is ready to go home. Nerida has to come to the hospital again tomorrow and Angela agrees to give her another lift even if this means a lot of stress for her because of the traffic in the city. This time Dougy escorts Nerida to the hospital.

     

    3. chapter(116-118): Start training

    When Angela brings Dougy, Nerida and Rayleene back to Bankstown she meets Gracey and Jarred asks her to come with him to Homebush tomorrow to do some training. Angela agrees to give them a lift to Homebush and then wait until they are finished.

     

    4. chapter(118-121): New conditions for Gracey

    While Angela and Jarred eat in an Italian restaurant he tells her that he is very exited about coaching Graceys training because she has much talent. Jarred thinks that Angela and Gracey maybe try to forget their argument and just make a new beginning. When Angela arrives in Manly her gradnfather tells her the story of Derek Campbell her mother already telled her and he confirms that Dereks mother gave away her child voluntary. He speaks about him like he is his own child full of pride and love.

     

     

     

    5. chapter(121-129): Reconciliation on the beach

    Angela gives Jarred and Gracey a lift to Homebush and Jarred and trains hard with Gracey. When they are back in Bankstown Angela remembers that Dougy has never been to the ocean and so she offers to drive him to the beach. Gracey, Angela, Jarred, Nerida and Dougy go to the beach and have a lot of fun together. Then Gracey begins to talk to Angela about the reasons why she thinks that Angela colonised her but also makes clear that she is here because she missed Angela as a friend and do not want to lose her. Gracey also confesses that she had sex with one of her tutors because he was so much like Rhonda who she looks up to. Gracey forgives Angela but she is still angry on Cheryl because she believes a aboriginal mother would give her child away voluntary.

     

    6. chapter(129-132): Plans for the future

    When Gracey, Dougy, Angela and Jarred eat at a pizza restaurant Gracey tells Angela about her plans for the future. If she wins the race she would go to Brisbane and prepare for the sport academy and if she looses she would go back to her Auntie Flo and Dougy in Cunningham where also her mother is buried. She does not want to go back to university or her job at Cafe Carlo. Angela realizes that Gracey has a second aboriginal name which she does not know. The next morning Angela drives Jarred and Gracey to the track and then goes shopping while they train before they go home in the evening.

     

    7. chapter(132-140): A big family

    On the way to Jarred Angela takes the wrong way and ends up in a ghetto of blacks and then she picks up Jarred and drives to Bankstown. Angela does not want to drive Jarred and Gracey to the track again and so she gives Jarred the car and spends the day with Nerida taking care of Raylene. She gets to know the aboriginal warmth of a big family and begins to love Raylene like a little sister. Then Nerida gets a call from the hospital that they want to operate tomorrow when Gracey has her big race.

     

    8. chapter(140-143): Petty jealousy

    Jarred and Gracey turned up late in the evening and Angela is jealous because they make jokes she could not understand. Angela is suspicious what they did the whole day at the track together.

     

     

    The Race

     

    1. chapter(144-147): The race begins

    When they are at the track and the race starts Jarred does not hope to win but he thinks that Gracey has a real chance. When Gracey did her first run the time was good but not good enough. While they are running Dougy calls Angela and tells her that the operation of Raylene is over and that she is ok. When Gracey kisses Jarred on the cheeck on the track after he had finished his last lap Angela is very jealous again.

     

    2. chapter(147-154): Going back to Cunningham

    Gracey does not want to go to the last race. She confesses that she never wanted to come back to Brisbane and that her decision is already made. She will go back to Cunningham and spend some time with her family. Gracey only took part on the race because she knew Jarred would like to train her and she also tells Angela she had already told Jarred about hr plan to go back to Cunningham. Therefore Angela is dissapointed because Gracey did not talk to her about that. Gracey reproaches Angela to be like Rhonda only that she does not want to see anything that is white and Angela does not want to see anything that is black. She begs Angela to be there for her by writing her letters and calling her but Angela does not answer. Out of this argument Angela comes out with her suspicion that Gracey and Jarred had something with each other. Gracey and Jarred leave the track and let Angela alone.

     

    3. chapter(154-158): Talk with the grandmother

    Angela goes back to Manly and goes out for a walk with her grandmother. She talks with her about her problem with Gracey and the big difficulties which were created by their different cultures. Even if she loves Gracey she could never understand her connection to the aboriginal culture and way of living because she is white and this would always be the barrier between them.

     

    4. chapter(158-160):

    The next morning Angela does not know what to do and so she calls the hospital to inform about Raylene but they do not want to give her informations so she drives to the hospital directly.

     

    5. chapter(160-163):

    At the hospital she meets the whole family only Gracey is not there because she has already left in the morning to go back to Cunningham. She gets to know that Raylene got an infection affecting her heart and that she maybe would die. Angela stays with the family the whole day but in the evening her grandmother insists on her coming to Manly for dinner.

     

     

    The Gubba Man

     

    1. chapter(164-171):

    At Manly she meets Harry Falkirk who was a Gubba Man when Angelas grandfather meet Derek Campbell. He tells his side of the story and they get to know that Dereks mother did not give her child away voluntary. He threatened her to give the child away otherwise he woul have taken away all of her children. Harry never told this to Angelas grandfather and he is as shocked as Angela. Harry also tells a story about some women who lied their babys in logs because they were scared that they would been taken away by Harry but he did not want the babys and so the babys died in the logs because it was so hot that day and the women could not go back fast enough to rescue them. Consequently of this story Angela has to vomit. Angelas grandmother tells her that she invited Harry so it could happen like this. She could not hear her husband telling the wrong story anymore.

    aHa

     

    2. chapter(171-177):

    Angelas grandmother tells her that one year after Derek Campbell was adopted by a white couple his mother came to her and wanted to get her son back and also telled her that Harry forced her to give her child away. Angelas grandmother called the white couple and gets to know that Angelas granfather had telled them that Dereks mother did when he was born. Angelas grandfather told him that she dies because it would have made trouble if the boy knew his mother is alive and he might have wanted to see her and then she would have had a bad influence on him. Angela begins to recognize that the aboriginal tradition and way of living is not worse than the whites but only different. Angela and her grandmother try to explain to Angelas grandfather that killing the black boy inside Derek Campbell is not better than killing his whole body. When Angelas grandfather leaves the room to realize what happened her grandmother trys to point out that Angela made the same mistake as her grandfather. She loves Gracey so intensive that she wants the best for her but the best for her is not the white way of living but the black way of living even if Angela could not understand this. Angelas grandmother only invited Harry because she does not want to let Angela making the same mistake as her grandfather and think that what she did was good.

     

    3. chapter(177-179):

    Angela goes to the hospital again where she talks to Dougy who tells her that Raylene is still the same. The whole family sleeps in the waiting room and Dougy invites Angela to come with him inside where she also falls asleep.

     

    4. chapter(180-184):

    In the morning Jarred appears and apologizes for his behaviour. He also confesses that he had kissed Gracey on the day they where alone on the track. He protests that she only needed some tenderness and he only kissed her because she felt so lonely and he feels compassion for her. When he brought Gracey to the bus station in the morning she gave him a sheet of paper on which her second aboriginal name is written. This shows Angela that Gracey still trusts her and wants to rebuild their friendshp.

  • The murderer Zusammenfassung deutsch summary

    Hier findet ihr eine deutsche Zusammenfassung des Buches "The Murderer", welches zum Englisch Abi gehört.

     

    Die Kurzgeschichte spielt in der nahen Zukunft in einer Art „Irrenanstalt“.
    Man hört aus jeder Richtung Musik, die meisten Menschen kommunizieren dazu über einen Computer und ein Telefon und einige benutzen dieses sogar gleichzeitig.
    Ein Psychologe verlässt diese laute Umgebung um mit einem Patienten in einem kleinen Raum zu reden ( Eine Art Zelle denk ich mal ).
    Als der Psychologe den Raum betritt, bemerkt er dass, der Mann, welcher sich selbst     „Mörder“ nennt, das Radio an der Wand zerstört hat. Der Raum ist unnatürlich ruhig und der Patient unnormal gelassen. Allerdings reißt er dem Psychologen das Armbandhandy ( Ich weiß nicht genau was das ist) von der Hand und macht es kaputt.
    Die Befragung zeigt, dass der Mann durch ständige Erwartung seiner Mitmenschen mit ihm über bestimmte Geräte zu kommunizieren in den Wahnsinn getrieben wurde. Sie wollten immer mit ihm sprechen und sprachen mit ihm andauernd über unwichtige Sachen.
    Er beschreibt den Psychologen die Welt, in der der Mensch ständig von Musik, Werbung und Kommunikation bombardiert wird. Weiterhin erzählt der Mörder dem Psychologen von seiner Idee, dass wenn er sein Telefon abschalten würde ihn niemand mehr kontaktieren könne. Als er an diesem Tag nach Hause kam, fand er seine Frau, welche komplett verrückt geworden ist, da sie so lange keinen Kontakt zu ihm hatte und so ihre     „technologische“- Kommunikationssucht nicht stillen konnte. Ab diesem Moment fing er an bestimmte Dinge wie sein Handy, seine Armbanduhr etc. zu zerstören.
    Das Einzige was er bedauere sei die Zerstörung des     „InSinkErator“, welches einen guten soliden Zweck hatte und ihn mit seinen Funktionen nicht störte und nur aktiv wurde, wenn er es beanspruchte.
    Dann beschreibt er seinen für ihn wunderbaren Zustand der Ruhe und Entspannung, in welchen er total frei von jeglicher Verantwortung und Sorge ist, die er durch die Maschinen hatte.
    Am Ende der Geschichte des Mörders geht der Psychologe zurück in die Welt der Kommunikation und Technologie.

  • One Language – Many Voices Zusammenfassung und Hilfen

    Auf dieser Seite findet ihr nach und nach Zusammenfassungen (summary) zu den Kurzgeschichten aus dem Bereich "One Language – Many Voices". Die Zusammenfassungen werden größtenteils auf Deutsch sein, ich denke da ist das Verständnis einfach leichter. Wenn ihr noch andere Materialien zu den Büchern benötigt, bitte einfach kommentieren.

     

    One Language – Many Voices Englisch Abitur Baden Würrtemberg

     

    Colonial Encounters

    An Outpost of Progress Zusammenfassung deutsch

    The Force of Circumstance Zusammenfassung deutsch

    Shooting an Elephant Zusammenfassung deutsch

    The Second Hut Zusammenfassung deutsch

     

    Cross-cultural Experiences

    Dead Men’s Path Zusammenfassung deutsch
    A Horse and Two Goats Zusammenfassung deutsch
    A Meeting in the Dark Zusammenfassung deutsch

     

    Postcolonial Consequences

    The Black Madonna Zusammenfassung deutsch

    Good Advice Is Rarer than Rubies Zusammenfassung deutsch

    A Pair of Jeans Zusammenfassung

    My Son the Fanatic Zusammenfassung deutsch

  • Great Britain – Englisch Abi Lernzettel United Kingdom

    The United Kingdom

     

    From Empire to Commonwealth and EU

     

    The British Empire

     

    The First British Empire (17th / 18th century)

    • Founding of colonies in all party of the world for commercial and military reasons

    • Boston Tea Party 1773: encouraged the independence movement in the New World and eventually led to American War of Independence (1774-1783)

    • End of the First Empire: separation of the American colonies from Great Britain

     

    The Second British Empire (18th – beginning of 20th century)

    • 18th century: shipping of convicts to Australia, acquisition of territories on the eastern half of the globe, 1801: Colonial Office (imposition of British institutions and methods of government in the colonies)

    • 19th century: Queen Victoria (1819-1901), height of Empire’s wealth and power, 1877: Queen Victoria becomes Empress of India

    • End of 19th / beginning of 20th century: colonies show growing desire for independence, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa gain dominion status, 1910: four dominions gain full independence but keep close links to Great Britain: beginning of Commonwealth

    • End of the Second Empire: Independence of India 1947

     

    The old Commonwealth

     

    • Voluntary association of 54 former British territories

    • British Empire as a Commonwealth of nations, thoughts behind: decolonization, effects of who world wars, changing outward appereance of international relations.

    • process of decolonization (in 19th cent.) starts in Canada. (Canada became a self-governing domination), racial equality

     

    The new Commonwealth

    • international organisation, aims to advance human rights, democracy, also political advantages for member states

    • about 33 member states

    • Queen as head of the Commonwealth, new goals for the Commonwealth (by Tony Blair): fight against Aids, terrorism, illegal immigration; avoud economic trouble; fix the world trade

    • Pro: bringing countries together, links people of different cultures, better understanding, shared values, adressing problems, good governance

    • Contra: big differences between the countries, traditions get lost, political power, no binding effect of the declarations, has often been compared to a gentlemen's club, historical origings keep fading: historical background gets lost–> negative effect on the member states' feeling of belonging together

     

     

    From EEC to EU

     

    History

    • 1957: Treaty of Rome, six original members: France, West Germany, Italy, Benelux

    • 1973: UK, Ireland, Denmark and later Greece, Spain, Portugal joined community

    • 1984: Delors plan

    • 1993: single market => 323 million customers, free exchange of goods, free movement of people

    • 1999: single currency (Euro)

     

     

    Britain’s Political System

     

    The System of Parliamentary Government

    • Separation of powers: legislative (Parliament), executive (government: Prime Minister + Cabinet), judiciary (courts)

     

    Houses of Parliament

    House of Commons

    • 659 members elected in a general election: 529 England, 72 Scotland, 40 Wales, 18 Northern Ireland

    • Chief officer: speaker who presides over the house

    • Powers: control the executive (the government), supervise finances, make laws (Acts of Parliament)

     

    House of Lords

    • Members appointed, not elected: Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal

    • Chief officer: Lord Chancellor

    • Powers: revise amend bills (except money bills), bills can be held up for one year. Supreme Court of Appeal

     

    Prime Minister

    • Leader of the majority party in the House of Commons

    • Head of the executive (the government)

    • Powers: appoints/dismisses ministers, presides over the Cabinet, advises/informs the Queen, recommends a number of appointments to the Queen

     

    Political Parties

    • Conservative Party: formed in 1830, no change for the sake of chance, private enterprise important, rigid policy of Margaret Thatcher (Thatcherism) in the 1980’s

    • Labour Party: formed in 1900, close conection to trade unions, old-style socialism: central role of the state, new Labour (“Third Way”): less interference from the state, more private responsibility and initiative required

    • Liberal Democrats: merger of Britain’s oldest partys, the Liberals and Social Democrats, because of the system of direct representation less influential, only 52 seats in Parliament

     

    Elections

    • General election at least every five years

    • Direct representation: MPs are elected in individual constituencies by a majority vote

     

    Devolution

    • Key part of government’s programme of constitutional reform

    • Decentralization of power, transferring (devolving) power from central government in Westminster so parliaments in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

    • Set up in 1999 following referendums and elections

     

    Monarchy

     

    Functions of the Constitutional Monarch

    • To act as Head of the Executive, to play daily part in government of the country – without taking sides or being biased

    • To open and dissolve Parliament

    • So sign bills passed by Parliament so that they become Acts of Parliament

    • To act as Head of State and Commander-in-chief

    • To act as Head of the Judiciary

    • To confer peerages, knighthoods or other honors (on the advice of PM)

    • To act as Head of the Commonwealth

    • To act as Head of the Church of England and appoint bishops

     

    Against the Monarchy

    • House of Windsor lost respect of the people because of the shocking behavior of some younger members of the Royal Family

    • The Royal Family is no longer a “model of Christian family life” – which the Victorians expected them to be

    • The monarchy is an undemocratic institution because of the head of the state is determined by heredity

    • The Royal Family have lost touch with what ordinary people think and worry about

    • The monarchy costs a lot of public money – a president would be cheaper

     

    For the Monarchy

    • Criticism of the low moral standards of the House of Windsor only applies to the younger members of the Royal Family => Queen Elizabeth is a highly-respected Sovereign

    • A monarch is a better figurehead of a country as he/she is above politics

    • A constitutional monarchy makes a dictatorship impossible: the monarch holds the power and hands it on to the Prime Minister

    • A constitutional monarchy is an even-handed, impartial institution

    • The monarch represents the long tradition of the country

    • The ceremonial events are a tourist attraction => through tourism monarchy earns more money than it costs

     

     

    Trade Unions

     

    History

    • Early 19th century: formation of „combinations“ to help poor workers

    • Mid-19th century: beginning of trade union movement as Karl Marx and other social reformers campaign against the capitalist system and the exploitation of the labour force

    • 1868: formation of Trade Union Congress, central organization of all trade unions

    • 1871: Trade Union Act, recognition of trade unions as legal associations

     

    Organisation

    • In Britain: craft or trade principle (all workers belonging to the same craft or trade)

    • In Germany: industrial principle (all workers in the same branch of industry)

    • Shop steward represents workers and union in a factory

     

    Function

    • To protect the rights of the labour force

    • To enter into collective bargaining with the employers about wages, working conditions, working hours

    • To take industrial action: if negotiations fail, union may call a strike after carrying out a strike vote

    • Illegal strike = “wildcat” strike

     

    Situation today

    • 1980s: anti-union laws of the Conservative government of Margaret Thatcher weakened the power and the influence of the unions

    • Declining membership

     

    The Welfare State

     

    Function

    • To provide social security for people in times of unemployment, illness, old age

     

    History

    • 19th century: efforts to bridge the gap between rich and poor

    • 1909: David Llyod George introduces old-age pensions and state pensions

    • 1911: National Insurance Act

    • 1942: Beveridge Report: re-organisation of all social services

     

    National Health Service

    • NHS was set up to provide medical services to all residents, regardless of their income, medical treatment is free, patients pay only a nominal sum for prescriptions, 81% of the costs are financed by state

    • Problems: economic problems because of rising costs and an increasing number of patients, cuts in government funds: nurses and doctors leave

    • Solution: 1998 – Tony Blair’s Labour government announces a ten-year plan to modernize NHS

     

    Unemployment

    • People who are out of work are entitled to unemployment benefit, called Jobseeker’s Allowance => they must be actively seeking work and be capable of and available for work

    • The government encourages unemployed people to take up part-time jobs by granting a Back to Work Bonus

    • The state pays for retraining courses and other measures to move people from welfare into jobs (Welfare-to-Work)

     

    Old Age Pensions

    • Women retire at 60, men at 65 => from 2010 onwards the new state pension age for men and women will be 65, they are entitled to state pension, earnings-related pension, many people also receive occupational pensions by paid employers

    • Problem: increase in taxes for the younger generation to pay for the pensions of growing number of elderly people

    • Solution: private initiative, people must take out private insurances to provide for their old age

     

    Classes

     

    The Social Classes

    • Many people like to think that class distinctions are a thing of the past, but social classes still exist in Britain

    • Upper Class: members of the aristocracy

    • Middle class: people In white- collar jobs

    • Working class: manual workers

    • Great social mobility between middle and working class

    • Class signifiers: heredity, wealth, education, occupation, accent

     

    British Core Values

     

    Public school education

    • Public schools have made notable contribution to English education => British public school leavers have big advantage over children from comprehensive schools

    • Education privilege, social prestige and the “old-boy network” or “old-schooltie network” noemally guarantee professional success, public schools for boys: Harrow, Rugby, Eton ..

    • Only a few public schools for girls, most famous of them is Queen’s College in London

    • Public school education aims at ideals and values: the importance of discipline, taking on responsibility, training for leadership, forming character through the practice of sport, emphasizing good social behavior

     

    The British gentlemen

    • British gentlemen was a man of gentle/noble birth or superior social position

    • Concept of British gentlemen not only a social/class designation, there’s also a moral component

    • British gentlemen: well-mannered + considerate man with high standards of proper behavior

    • Recipient of traditional liberal education based on Latin at one of the elite public schools

     

    Utilitarianism

    = ethical doctrine that moral worth of an action is determined by its contribution to overall utility/usefulness

    • British philosopher Jeremy Bentham: humans act out of self-interest according to the pleasure-pain principle => motivation of people is the desire to avoid pain and to seek pleasure

    • To be successful, social policy has to offer reward or punishment => makes it possible to achieve a well-defined societal optimum in allocations and production and achieve the goal: “the greatest good for the greatest number”

     

    Pragmatism

    = straight forwards, practical way of thinking about thinks / dealing with problems, is concerned with results rather than with theories

    = also a philosophical view that a theory or concept should be evaluated in terms of how it works and what consequences it has => experimentation not a method of scientific investigation, but important way for humans to engage with each other and the world

     

    Tolerance

    • Tolerance = essential part of being British

    • Basis of this value can be seen as sub-category of respect, and stands for equality of all under law (made by the democratic British government)

    • Implies equal treatment for all, respect for Great Britain and its shared heritage

    • Tolerance towards diversity => people of Britain should unite politically and culturally

     

    Immigration

     

    Immigrants from Commonwealth countries

    • Up to 1962 Commonwealth citizens were allowed to enter the UK freely

    • Between 1955 and 1960 about 250000 immigrants arrived looking for work

    • From 1962 onwards several acts to limit the number of immigrants were passed: 1962 first immigration restrictions, 1971 Immigration Act , 1994 New Immigration Rules

     

    Asylum Seekers

    • UK always accepted asylum seekers / refugees fleeing from political persecution

    • Dramatic rise in number of asylum seekers who are motivated more by economic than political reasons made stricter laws necessary

    • 1996 Asylum and Immigration Act: people arriving from “safe” countries (where they don’t run the risk of persecution) are not granted asylum

     

    Minorities

     

    Ethnic Communities

    • About 3 Million people belong to ethnic minority

    • Two largest groups: the Asians (Indians, Pakistani) and Blacks (Black Caribbeans, Black Africans)

    • Ethnic communities are concentrated in urban and industrial areas

    • Legislation: 1976 Race Relations Act (discrimination illegal), 1986 Public Order Act (to incite racial hatred is a criminal offence), 1998 Crime and Disorder Act (new law against racial harassment and violence)

     

    Men and Women

     

    Women’s Liberation Movement

    • The struggle for the emancipation of women began in the 19th century

    • 1918: women get the right to vote

    • 1970: Equal Pay Act , women are entitled to equal pay with men when doing the same work

    • 1975 and 1986: Sex Discrimination Act, discrimination between men and women is unlawful

     

    Situation today

    • Woman have achieved equal opportunities in politics and in employment

    • Problem areas: women are still underrepresented in occupations at senior level, domestic violence, single mothers still at a disadvantage

     

    Religion

     

    History

    • 1534: King Henry VIII breaks with Rome and found his own church: the Church of England

    • Proclaims himself “Supreme Head of the Church of England”

    • Keeps Catholic doctrines

     

    The Church of England (Anglican Curch)

    • The official church of the State of England: the Sovereign is the Head of the Church, the church is not financed by the state, spiritual leaders: Archbishop of Canterburry and Archbishop of York, the two archbishops and 24 senior bishops have seats in the House of Lords

    • Three streams within the Church of England: High Church (conservative Catholic wing), Low Church (more liberal, Protestant influence), Broad Church (a compromise between the two above)

     

    Free Churches

    • Have their own traditions: no bishops, services are less formal and they allow women priest

    • Methodists, Baptists

     

    Other Faith Communities

    • Large communities of Buddhists, Hindus, Sikhs, Muslims since immigration waves of the 1950s/60s

    • Jews (many refugees from the Third Reich), Jehova’s witnesses, 7th Day Adventists

    • Cults: Church of Scientology, Moonies

     

     

    Northern Ireland

     

    The Roots of the Conflict

    • Roots of the religious conflict between England and Ireland go back to 16th century

    • English King Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church => England became Protestant

    • King Henry declared himself Head of the new Anglican Church => wanted people of Ireland (who where strict Catholics) to turn away from Catholicism too

    • Henry and his successors met with fierce opposition against their policies to establish Protestantism in Ireland

    • Although Roman Catholic services were forbidden + bishops/priests often outlawed/executed => Irish Catholics became more united and more anti-English than ever

    • Queen Elizabeth sent English settlers to the southern Irish province of Munster to bring country under control =>”Plantation”

    • After rebellion of Irish tribal chiefs: over half a million acres of northern county were taken from Irish earls and given to English and Scottish settlers who were seen as invaders and occupiers => this colonization (“Plantation of Ulster”) marks beginning of the Ulster conflict

    • 19th century: economically hard times for Ireland => after several years of potato crop failures half of the Irish population died of starvation during the Great Famine in 1840s => people fled to US or Britain

    • Towards end of 19th century: political efforts to return all political power to Irish people

    • Prime Minister Gladstone’s Home Rule Bills were defeated in Parliament in Westminster => 1918 radical republican party Sinn Féin won the election with IRA as their military supporters

    • 1919: War of Independence => after two years’ fighting the British government granted Ireland independence

    • Protestant in Ulster didn’t want to be part of a Catholic-dominated Ireland => country was divided into “free Republic of Ireland” and “Northern Ireland”, controlled by the Protestant majority

     

    Efforts to solve the conflict

    • 1921 – 1972: Northern Ireland had its own Parliament (Stormont) where Unionists (Protestants) held permanent majority

    • “The Troubles” bagan in 1960s with serious rioting between Protestants and Catholics, principally the Provisional IRA => outbreak of violence made government in London deploy British troops to support local police force (Royal Ulster Constabulary)

    • 1972: “Bloody Sunday” = 13 Catholics are killed by British troops during a protest march

    • Violence/terrorist actions didn’t stop => government abolished the regional Parliament at Stormont in 1973 and introduced direct rule from Westminster

     

    Anglo-Irish Agreement 1998

    • British government always claimed that direct rule was never intended to be permanent => efforts have been made to restore the government of Northern Ireland => how this could be achieved / how the interests of both parties could be persuaded has been the problem since 1973

    • 1985: Irish government in Dublin was given consultative role to protect Catholic’s interests

    • Good Friday Agreement: provided for the creation of of the Northern Ireland Assembly in which Protestants and Catholics should share power

    • 1999: re-opening of Northern Irish Parliament at Stormont => end of direct rule from Westminster

    • Protestants couldn’t accept sitting in the same parliament with IRA fighters => demanded that IRA should hand over all their weapons => refusal of IRA led to temporary re-introduction of direct rule

    • Peace process was revived when IRA eventually declared to put its weapons beyond use

    • People hope, that Belfast agreement will bring an end to conflict of the two communities

    • They agree, that fair power-sharing = only way to achieve durable peace

    • Current problem: celebration of the anniversary of the Battle of Boyne (William of Orange, a Protestant, defeated Catholic King James at the River of Boyne), where Protestants want to display their superiority by marching through Catholic areas => Catholics always try to stop the marching Protestants, while Protestants riot and humiliate the Catholics

  • Present Perfect Simple: Bildung, Signalwörter, Verwendung

    Present Perfect Simple: Bildung, Signalwörter, Verwendung

    • P: He has spoken.

    • N: He has not spoken.

    • F: Has he spoken?

    Das Present Perfect Simple bezieht sich auf Handlungen, die in der Vergangenheit anfingen und bis in die Gegenwart (oder kurz vorher) andauerten. Das Ergebnis der Handlung steht dabei im Vordergrund.

    • bis in Gegenwart andauernde Situation

    Situation, bei der wir betonen wollen, dass sie bis heute unverändert ist

    Your advice has always been extremely helpful.

    We have not yet received a remittance for the goods supplied to you.

    eben abgeschlossene Handlung

    Handlung, die gerade erst beendet wurde, wobei das Ergebnis im Vordergrund steht.

    I have typed five letters
    I     have just received your mail.

    Handlung in der Vergangenheit mit Einfluss auf die Gegenwart

    Handlung, die irgendwann in der Vergangenheit stattfand und deren Ergebnis jetzt eine Situation in der Gegenwart beeinflusst. Dabei darf aber kein konkreter Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit genannt sein

    I have lost Misses Wilde’s phone number.

    We have agreed on the following points
     

    bis zum Zeitpunkt des Sprechens nie, 1x oder mehrmals stattgefundene Handlung

    Handlung, die irgendwann in der Vergangenheit stattfand (oder nicht). Dabei soll betont werden, wie oft die Handlung bisher stattfand.

    I have never been to our New York subsidiary.

    Misses Newton has already phoned three times to inquire about the delivery of her goods.

    Present Perfect Simple Signalwörter

    Already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now

    • P: He has spoken.

    • N: He has not spoken.

    • F: Has he spoken?

    Das Present Perfect Simple bezieht sich auf Handlungen, die in der Vergangenheit anfingen und bis in die Gegenwart (oder kurz vorher) andauerten. Das Ergebnis der Handlung steht dabei im Vordergrund.

    • bis in Gegenwart andauernde Situation

    Situation, bei der wir betonen wollen, dass sie bis heute unverändert ist

    Your advice has always been extremely helpful.

    We have not yet received a remittance for the goods supplied to you.

    eben abgeschlossene Handlung

    Handlung, die gerade erst beendet wurde, wobei das Ergebnis im Vordergrund steht.

    I have typed five letters
    I     have just received your mail.

    Handlung in der Vergangenheit mit Einfluss auf die Gegenwart

    Handlung, die irgendwann in der Vergangenheit stattfand und deren Ergebnis jetzt eine Situation in der Gegenwart beeinflusst. Dabei darf aber kein konkreter Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit genannt sein

    I have lost Misses Wilde’s phone number.

    We have agreed on the following points:

     

     

     

    bis zum Zeitpunkt des Sprechens nie, 1x oder mehrmals stattgefundene Handlung

    Handlung, die irgendwann in der Vergangenheit stattfand (oder nicht). Dabei soll betont werden, wie oft die Handlung bisher stattfand.

    I have never been to our New York subsidiary.

    Misses Newton has already phoned three times to inquire about the delivery of her goods.

    Signalwörter

    Already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now

  • Past Progressive Englisch: Bildung, Signalwörter, Verwendung

    Past Progressive Englisch: Bildung, Signalwörter, Verwendung

    • P: He was speaking.

    • N: He was not speaking.

    • F: Was he speaking?

    Das Past Progressive bezieht sich auf Handlungen in der Vergangenheit, wobei die Dauer bzw. der Ablauf der Handlung besonders betont werden soll.

    • im Ablauf befindliche Handlung

    Eine Handlung, die zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit gerade ablief.

    At two o’clock, Carla was preparing the contract.

    Yesterday I was looking for Mister Miller’s phone number.

     

    gleichzeitig ablaufende Handlungen

    Mehrere Handlungen in der Vergangenheit, die (über einen längeren Zeitraum hinweg) gleichzeitig abliefen.

    While Claire was preparing her presentation, Tom was showing the customer around.


    While Sarah was looking for the documents, I was keeping the customer on the line.

    im Ablauf befindliche Handlung, die durch eine neue Handlung unterbrochen wurde

    Handlung, die in der Vergangenheit gerade im Gange war, als (plötzlich) eine andere (kürzere) Handlung eintrat.

    I was sitting in a meeting, when my mobile suddenly rang.

    When I came in, John was playing solitaire.

    Signalwörter Past Progressive

     

     

    when, while, as long as